Apple’s Jonathan Ive changed the world with his designs. The Apple devices are more known because of their design, rather than the logo they carry. Looking at the device that was the first stepping stone in this for Apple, the iPod 1, many people claim their is a great deal of resemblance with Braun’s T3 pocketradio, launched in 1958 (nrc). This radio was designed by Dieter Ram, head of product design from 1955-1998.

Ram applied ten principles to good design. According to Ram good design:

• is innovative
• makes a product useful
• is aesthetic
• makes a product understandable
• is unobtrusive
• is honest
• is long-lasting
• is  thorough down to the last detail
• is environmentally friendly
• is as little design as possible

Applying these 10 principles to business model design, the following guidelines are derived:

• is innovative
  A good business model is unique, and therefore hard to imitate.
• makes a product useful
  Using the business model, from the company as well as the customer perspective, is easy.
• is aesthetic
  A good business model does not cause any irritation or confusion. Only well executed business models can be beautiful.
• makes a business model understandable
  It makes the business model clearly express its function by making use of the user’s intuition. At best, it is self-explanatory.
• is unobtrusive
  The business model leaves room for the user’s self-expression. Business models fulfilling a purpose are like tools that add to the quality of life of its users.
• is honest
  An honest business model does not make a product or service seem more valuable than it really is. Influencing and manipulation of customers and users by the business model is not done.
• is long-lasting
  A good business model avoids being fashionable and therefore never runs the risk of being outdated.
• is  thorough down to the last detail
  In the design sufficient attention has been paid to the details of the design, creating a true experience for customers and users. In the execution of a good business model these should implemented accurately.
• is environmentally friendly
  Good business model design is aware of its environmental impact and aims to make an important contribution to the preservation of the environment by conserving resources and minimizing physical and visual pollution.
• is as little design as possible
  Keeping it pure! Everything that is non-essential to a business model should be kept out of its design.

When designing new business models these 10 principle will help you to focus your effort and flow your creativity accordingly to make beautiful, meaningful new business models.

Recently one of my business contacts pointed me towards the Best Global Brands report by Interbrand. In the discussion we had on how to enable new business model implementation he posed the statement that any strong business model basically gave away one of the 4Ps out of the classical marketing mix.

Giving it some more thought there are numerous examples of strong brands, set by convincing business models that basically all have a certain WOW factor. Most of the WOW comes from an empathic component within their respective business models.
More and more companies involve their customers in their business model, stepping away from classical transactional mentality moving towards strong customer experiences. Meanwhile the relationship between company and customer is further tightened, making it almost impossible to switch, not based on product specifications, but on the firm’s lovemark.
By opening up business models to consumers of products and services companies are able to provide experiences that can be tailored to one’s unique preferences. The late management guru Prahalad labeled this as N=1 in The New Age of Innovation.

Empathic business models examples

• Product
  Nescafé (#25) let’s you create coffee to your own preferences with their new Dolce Gusto system
  Nike (#26) provides customers to design a tailor made sneaker based on the offered options
• Price
  Google (#7) provides you everything you needs for free, you only need to provide google with your personal data for advertisement purposes
  IKEA (#28) is able to offer its’ products at an extremely low price; you have to do the assembly yourself
• Place
  eBay (#46) provides possibilities to globally auction and bid on running auctions detached from place and time
  MTV (#54) is offering most of the content also online, so that it can be viewed anytime, anywhere
• Promotion
  Amazon (#43) recommends products based on other people’s buying behavior
  Nokia (#5) has numerous online fan communities that support users in the use of their devices; totally separate from the company

Being successful is about being connected. For this purpose you as a company do not be in close proximity of your customer 24/7, but you need to find a mechanism that they share their hopes and dreams with you.
Based on those you know where to focus and distinguish between the must-haves, and the nice-to-haves. Then find ways to involve your customers in your business model. Maybe they will not even notice, but they will appreciate it. For sure!

According to thought leaders within INSEAD customers are really in the driver’s seat when it comes to making or breaking a brand. Also different consumer trends indicate the same, such as Trendwatching.com for example. In the past people could be earmarked to fit within a certain stereotype, e.g. punkers during the 80′s. During this period brands were successful because the companies behind them choose those brands to grow successful.
People now shop their own identity together where trends are now merely used as an input. They do not fit within one simple box anymore which makes it more difficult to target segments in a traditional way. Furthermore customers become increasingly demanding every day. Failing to meet their expectations results worst case in them scandalizing your firm in public (example: BusinessWeek). They will share their grieves through the internet with the rest of the world more likely than they will call you.

So it is more difficult now to clearly segment customers and they have become more demanding and less forgiving, what can companies do?

Building a strong brand does not necessarily involves bringing the best proposition, product or service, to customers, it involves bringing your propositions consistently to your customers. How? By making sure that every Business Model Building Block is aligned with a clearly defined overall goal. So it not about bringing a product to the market and enhance it along the way to the extend that people do not recognize the initial proposition anymore. This makes customers feel disconnected. They will loose interest and will start doing business elsewhere.
In order to keep the connection with the client vivid firms should really ask themselves or even better their clients what it is they will bring to the market? Which problems will be solved? What pains will be relieved? Doing so and shaping the Business Model around it provides the basis companies need to be consistent to their clients, which will contribute to building their brands and reputation.

For laughter have a look at the complaint about SEARS below.

[pro-player]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=974egVLlwQI[/pro-player]

During the Internet Bubble Business Model was one of the buzz words. Companies did not need a real strategy, a special competence, or even customers. The only thing needed was a web-based Business Model making vague promises about wild profits in a distant future (source Joan Magretta, HBR, 2002). Not strange that the term itself lost most of its power.

Now years further and wiser we know a business model definitely matters. Without a sound Business Model firms can launch as many new products and services they want to, only confusing customers more.
Companies with a sound Business Model know the value proposition, what the target client group is, which channels to use to approach them, what kind and type of relationship to maintain, what capabilities are required in-house or at a partner, how value is configurated, and of course how cost and revenue stream flow.

Having a proper Business Model not only clarifies things for you as a company; it helps to build and manage your reputation among your current and future clients.

Last week news spread that Ryanair’s profit could be halved due to ever risen fuel cost and a weaker UK pound. Last quarter 2007 net profit dropped with as much as 27%. This is not news that is typical for Ryanair. Applying the Southwest business model it is well know for being a “no frills airliner” generating sound financial figures. The business model is mainly focused on the price sensitivity of customers. On the one hand this is created by cutting costs out of the traditional airliner model; use Internet for reducing channel costs, no food served and additional charges for luggage, use of smaller airports and a single model aircraft. On the other hand the business model focuses on stimulating revenue streams by maximise utilisation of air crafts (as much air time as possible with heavy loads of passengers) and yield management pricing strategies (price discrimination or price targeting to maximize revenues from passengers) (source).

The ever rising fuel prices drive costs, but not in the parts of the business model Ryanair controls. And a weakening position of the Sterling has its negative effect on the utilisation of the air crafts, where possibly the cheaper seats will still sell out, but the more expensive ones will become harder to sell. The combined effect in addition to the downturn on the whole industry of these recent developments result in weakening profits and possibly what Ryanair’s CEO Michael O’Leary calls “a perfect storm.”

But is the business model defeated then? According to the financial analysts it is not. Yield maybe flat for next year, or even drop 5%. Budget carriers are most vulnerable to broad economic dips.
Low cost carriers are used by the most economically sensitive travelers, but probably Ryanair’s yields will survive the dip.
According to O’Leary Ryanair now considers hedging of its fuel if oil dips below $80 a barrel in order to be less vulnerable in case of very volatile oil prices. So hedging makes the business model survive in these turbulent times.

Recently I stumbled upon an interesting article which states that we should not focus on the things we are good at, but concentrate on the areas we are not so great at. The theory behind it is based on researching to-be chess masters. Of course this differs 180 degrees from our common sense.

Applying this line of thinking to business it even becomes more interesting. Most companies have a strong focus on what they are good at, mainly because here the largest part of the cash flow is generated. In the excellent areas firms want to become ever more excellent, with trajectories such as Six Sigma. Nothing wrong here, unless you want to stay on top of business and innovate. Then you have to be aware of your current strengths, and more important where the room to grow is.

In the presentation I have plotted this concept on different Business Model areas.

Googling the internet “Blue Ocean” was already quite popular (12,900,000 hits). “Business Model Innovation” is a risen star here (6,800,000 hits). Combining the two only generates 75,400 hits. A bit strange… Not only do the two serve the same purpose, deliver growth and innovation to a company. The first can serve as a means of achieving the second.

Nowadays it is not just about mastering one approach; it is about mastering the ability to combine multiple and deliver growth. Perhaps a bit late, but why not… 2008 will bring more mixed models. Let me be the first to kick it off with a combination of the Blue Ocean Strategy as a methodology to come to Business Model Innovation.

For the snowboarder or skier who is seeking the cookie cutter winter wonderland megaresorts there is a alternative: Echo Mountain, Colorado. When caught in a bruising sustaining battle that gives clear advantage to powerful incumbents, other players looked for new business models that might enable them to beat the market in new ways – by satisfying underappreciated dimensions of performance. In the world of winter sports, smaller resorts do well to consider the disruptive new business model developed by Echo Mountain Park in Colorado.

The lift tickets at Echo are priced for teenagers on a lawn-mowing budget, and the cuisine is spartan even by cafeteria standards: energy bars and nuke-able burritos from vending machines (source: NY Times). The concept of Echo was not aimed at competing with the large resorts operated by companies as Intrawest and Vail. It focusses on delivering a great experience by offering excellent snow park facilities without having to pay for many thing the visitor does not use, all within driving range of a metropolitan area. It is all about the basics: newest, closest, cheapest.

From the 3rd till the 14th of December the United Nations Climat Change Conference was held in Bali. Again loads of attention were given to the subjects of sustainability. Nowadays the topic has really found grounds in society; it is even fashionable to concentrate on environmentally friendly goods and services.

In this light there is a new way of designing goods, called cradle-to-cradle. The concept is launched by Wiliam McDonough & Michael Braungart in their book Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. They advocate in favour of uncycling, not recycling. Why settle for the least harmful alternative when we could have something that is better–say, edible grocery bags! They offer several compelling examples of corporations that are not just doing less harm–they’re actually doing some good for the environment and their neighborhoods, and making more money in the process.
The basic idea behind the book is that we should eliminate our environmental footprint as much as possible. The book itself is a great example of the concept. It is designed in a different way than we are used to. It is printed on material which can be fully uncycled; the pages can be cleaned so that the ink can be re-used, the pages itself can be re-printed and fully re-used. In essence it is all about design.

Cradle to cradle requires re-thinking each part of the design, and the design as a whole. Using it as the new standard for design will lead to a necessity for innovating our business models as well. Firms core capabilities need to change, possibly also the partner network, leading to a re-newed value configuration. Companies applying the cradle-to-cradle philosophy will be able to create different, more intense, relations with their customers. Applying cradle-to cradle brings maximum benefits combining it with a new business model.

[pro-player]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IoRjz8iTVoo[/pro-player]